|
Lu Xiufu (1236-1279),〔McDermott, Joseph P. (editor), (1999), ''State and Court Ritual in China'', University of Cambridge Oriental Publications, ISBN 978-0-521-62157-1, ISBN 0-521-62157-7, p. 281〕 courtesy name Junshi (君实/君實), was a Chinese statesman and military commander who lived in the final years of the Song dynasty. Originally from Yancheng (present-day Jianhu County) in Jiangsu Province,〔http://www.tionghoa.com/167/lu-xiufu/〕 along with Wen Tianxiang and Zhang Shijie, he is regarded as one of the "Three heroes of the late Song dynasty". ==Life== In 1256, together with Wen Tianxiang, Lu passed the imperial examination, thus becoming a "presented scholar" or ''jinshi'', and thereafter joined the Ministry of Rites as a vice-minister. The capital of the Song dynasty at Lin'an in Guangdong fell to Mongol invaders from the north in 1276, and the five-year-old Emperor Gong was taken prisoner. Together with Chen Yizhong, Zhang Shijie and Consort Yang, amongst others, Lu took care of the two sons of Emperor Duzong, seven-year-old Zhao Shi (赵昰) and four-year-old Zhao Bing (赵昺). Later the same year at Fuzhou in Fujian Province, Zhao Shi was enthroned as Emperor Duanzong and began ruling under the era name "Jingyan" (景炎; literally: "bright flame"). Emperor Duanzong appointed Lu as military advisor to the Privy Council with the task of continuing resistance to the Mongols. After Emperor Duanzong died at the age of ten in 1278, Lu and Zhang Shijie together enthroned his younger brother as Emperor Huaizong whilst Consort Yang (now Empress Dowager Yang) effectively ran the court from behind a screen. Lu became Left Chancellor (左丞相) and ran the government together with Zhang Shijie. In 1279, Mongol forces led by Zhang Hongfan launched a large scale naval offensive against Song forces at Mount Ya (present-day Yamen), forcing Emperor Huaizong to flee. During the ensuing Battle of Yamen on March 19, 1279, the entire Song army and navy were totally wiped out. When the eight-year-old Emperor Huaizong heard the news he was terrified and cursed the disorder of his armed forces. Lu, unwilling to be taken captive by the Mongols, first ordered his wife to commit suicide then advised Emperor Duanzong: With that, Lu gave the young emperor his seal, picked him up in his arms and jumped from a cliff into the sea, killing them both. Many imperial concubines and ministers also died and by July there were tens of thousands of corpses floating in the sea.〔Matthew Bennett (1998), ''The Hutchinson dictionary of ancient & medieval warfare'', Taylor & Francis, 1998, ISBN 978-1-57958-116-9, p. 55〕 Thus ended the Southern Song Dynasty. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lu Xiufu」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|